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How to pronounce slower in English?

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hi I'm Bob Duhamel I'm in the process of
making a series of videos explaining
special relativity I'm trying to put
some good production value into these
videos so I'm doing location shoots and
animations and it's going to take me
some time to put them together so I'm
gonna make one or two preliminary videos
just explaining a few things just so I
can get them out there to you and then
we can look at the higher production
value videos later so I want to make
this video about a particular sticking
point that really seems to bother people
about special relativity and that is
time dilation and here's the problem
that really really sticks for some
people the deal is let's say that we
have two people standing together I'll
just put two circles here there are two
people standing together and if they
look at their watches assuming their
watches are exactly the same
etc they see their watches running at
exactly the same speed however if one of
those people is moving it doesn't matter
which one if either one of them is
moving now this person looks over here
and he sees his watch running slower but
this guy looks back over here and this
guy sees his watch running slower so how
can he see his watch running slower but
he sees his watch running slower the
each person sees the other guy going
slower through time and not work I I
can't I can't follow that I'm done you
know they just can't they can't wrap
their minds around the fact that each
person sees time going slower for the
other person well I'm going to show you
a couple of scenarios where that makes
absolute sense this doesn't necessarily
explain special relativity or time
dilation but it does show you some
scenarios that make sense that say okay
I can see how that can happen here so
maybe it could also happen there
so here's scenario number one you're
standing together you have two identical
watches that work exactly the same and
you set them to exactly the same time so
now your two watches are synchronized
now you're going to walk very quickly in
opposite directions
one person is over here and the other
person is over here how far apart are
they now well they went there pretty
quickly because they are now 300,000
kilometers apart now I picked 300,000
kilometers because that is how far light
travels in one second
so now personaiiy gets his binoculars
out here and looks at person B's watch
and because it takes one second for the
light from his watch to reach his eyes
his watch appears to be one second
behind the observers watch so he looks
here this watch looks like it's one
second behind but lo and behold this
person takes his binoculars and looks at
his watch and it takes one second for
the light from this watch to reach him
and so he sees his watch as one second
behind so each observer because of their
distance from each other sees the others
watch one second behind his own that
makes sense doesn't it now let's add a
little something to this by having them
move further and further apart and as
they move further apart their watches
each get further behind each other and
so each observer sees the other person's
watch going slower than his own watch he
sees his watch going slower but he sees
his watch going the normal speed but
sees his watch going slower so there's a
situation where the two observers see
each other's watches running slower than
his own makes perfect sense doesn't it
now before you think this explains time
dilation there are some problems with
that problem number one is something the
numbers won't add up in fact if you're
doing calculations on time dilation if
the two observers are moving further
apart you have to compensate for that
the second thing is it's not symmetrical
when they're moving apart each one sees
the other ones watch going slower but if
they're moving together each one sees
the other ones watch moving faster
because as they come closer together
they get further and further less behind
each other and so the
watches appear to be running faster so
when they're going away from each other
each person sees the other person's
watch going slower than his but when
they're coming together each person sees
the other ones watch running faster than
is so that doesn't work for special
relativity and finally the simple fact
is if you ever try to explain special
relativity by the propagation of light
in other words you say oh this happens
because it takes time for light to get
from point A to point B you will fail
because that's not special relativity
that's just the speed of light special
relativity has to do with time dilation
and length contraction which have
nothing to do with the propagation delay
it has nothing to do with how long it
takes for light to get from point A to
point B when you see time going slower
for the other person it's not because it
appears to go slower
because of the propagation delay it's
because time is actually going slower so
this does show a scenario where each
observer sees the other person's watch
running slower where his own watch is
running normal it does not explain time
dilation let's look at another thought
experiment that gets us a little closer
to how time dilation really works let's
say you and your friend buy a pair of
airplanes go learn how to fly and take
off one day and these airplanes have a
interesting property in that they go at
exactly 100 km/h no faster
no slower so you're out flying one day
in a breast formation flying that
direction at 100 km/h now as long as you
go the same direction and the same speed
you appear to be motionless to each
other you look out your window you see
him he's not going anywhere he looks out
his window and sees you you're in the
same place you're not going anywhere so
you seem to be stationary to each other
and instead you see the earth going by
beneath you so you're flying along at
100 km/h and then your friend decides to
take off that direction at a 45 degree
angle so let's go ahead and draw those
vectors and by the way
has a particular meaning that means a
quantity that has both magnitude and
directions so when we talk about vectors
with airplanes we're talking about going
a certain speed in a certain direction
so you are going that direction still at
100 km/h but your friend took off at a
45 degree angle let's then get the angle
and the length just about right that's
close enough
also still going at 100 km/h now when
you look over at him you see that he is
not only getting further away from you
this way but he's also falling further
behind because he's going at an angle so
his speed in the direction you are going
has reduced so if we look at the vectors
that make up his speed and direction he
is going this direction at 70 point 7
km/h and he's also going in that
direction at 70 point 7 km/h and so when
you add vectors you just simply can do
it graphically just atom nose to tail so
I move this one over here and we see
that if he goes at 70 point 7 km/h this
way and he's also going at 70 point 7
km/h that way that the combined vector
addition
give him a vector of 100 km/h in that
direction so he's still going 102 km/h
as far as he's concerned but to you he
is falling behind because he's only
going 70 point 7 km/h in the direction
that you are going so you say hey dude
where are you going we're supposed to go
this way you're falling behind and he
says no why didn't you turn I didn't
turn you turned he says no I didn't turn
you turn and you look out and lo and
behold by golly you did turn and so what
really happened is your friend is going
the direction you were always
going at 100 km/h and you took off that
way at 100 km/h and so let's look at the
vectors now it's you that went this way
at 70 point 7 km/h and that way at 70
point 7 km/h and so it is you that is
only going 70 point seven percent of his
speed so when he looks at you you are
the one falling behind let's look at
this again the way we had it before just
to make sure we understand that it
didn't change because I rotated things
it just is the way it is so there you
are going at 100 km/h he went that way
at a 45 degree angle to you at 100 km/h
and so you look at him and because he's
going this way at 70 point 7 km/h and
that way at 70 point 7 km/h he is
falling behind you he is only going 70
point seven percent of your speed but
when he looks out at you he looks out
this way and you are the one that has
fallen behind and you have fallen behind
because your speed is only 70 point 7
km/h in the direction that he is going
so you look out your window and you see
him going slower than you are but he
looks out his window and he sees you
going slower than he is so there's a
scenario that works the same way where
even though both of you are still going
at 100 km/h because of the change in
direction each of you sees the other
person going slower than himself and one
certainly interesting thing about this
is that the mathematics you could use to
calculate this are identical to the
Lorentz transformation which is used to
calculate time dilation and length
contraction
and so this does fit the math pretty
closely now we're using circular
geometry here and the mathematics of
time dilation or hyperbolic but it gives
us a good idea of how the math works if
we graph it out and also this is
symmetrical because it doesn't matter if
you're pulling apart or coming together
it still works for example if your
friend were the one that was going the
wrong direction and he comes back he can
never catch up with you because he has
gone a greater distance at the same
speed he's gone out this way and then
come back at the same speed he will
never catch up to you and so even though
he turns and comes towards you it
doesn't change the fact that he's still
going only 70.7% of the speed that you
were going in the direction you are
going and likewise if you say oh you're
right we do need to go that direction
and you turn to catch up with him it
turns out you're the one that went the
greater distance and you will never
catch up with him because once again you
have to go a greater distance at the
same speed and so it doesn't matter
whether you're pulling apart or coming
together
it still works exactly the same way so
like time dilation itself it's also
symmetrical it doesn't matter whether
you're pulling apart or coming together
it still works
now let's modify this thought experiment
so that it works with time instead of
space so we live in three-dimensional
space we are quite used to it and we can
move about if we want to through this
three dimensional space and we can move
a direction that's either left and right
up and down or forward and back and
those are the only three dimensions that
we can move it's the only three
dimensions that we can perceive but
there is a fourth dimension that fourth
dimension as time and we have a little
harder time wrapping our mind around it
because we don't see time moving but we
certainly know we are going through time
and so time and space are inseparably
connected with each other scientists
call time and space space-time and if we
can think of time as being at another
dimension so we have left-right up-down
Ford back and time also at a right angle
to the three dimensions that we
understand yes it boggles the mind
but we can think of it that way it's
just that this fourth dimension is
something that we don't see
but we are definitely traveling through
it because we all travel through time at
the same speed at exactly one second per
second just like our airplanes can
travel only at exactly 100 km/h we
travel through time at exactly one
second per second now we usually think
of time as a linear progression from
cause to effect so this is how we think
of time like horizontal line and we go
through time at exactly one second per
second and we cannot change that and we
cannot change the direction we move
through time but let me step out on a
limb here and say maybe there's not four
dimensions to space-time let's make a
model where there's five dimensions to
space-time and now we have time itself
has two dimensions so time has two
dimensions so we can go any direction in
time we can go that way or we can go
that way but we can only go one
direction so we're always either going
this way or that way or a combination of
the two how do we change our direction
through time by moving through space so
let's say that you are standing next to
your friend and you're not going
anywhere you're stationary you are
moving through time at exactly one
second per second but now if one of you
starts to move it doesn't matter which
one but if you move in relation to each
other you see the other person not only
moving in space but changing the
direction that he moves through time
let's kind of draw this out here for a
second so you're standing together or
you're going at exactly the same speed
at the exactly the same direction and
you see each other being stationary
after all that's what we're doing we're
on a spinning earth that's rotating
around the Sun the sun's going through
the galaxy the galaxy is going through
the universe so we're constantly moving
but you stand next to your friend you
don't see him going anywhere it seems
like you're stationary and you are
moving through time in exactly the same
direction at the same speed one second
per second let's say that direction but
now your friend takes off running the
act of moving relative to you causes him
to change the direction
he's going through time so now he's gone
through time both this way and that way
look we've got a couple of vectors and
so let's say that he moves at 70 point
seven percent of the speed of life let's
say that causes him to go at a 45 degree
angle so now in this direction he's
going only 0.7 0 7 seconds per second
and in this direction he's gone Oh point
707 seconds per second and the end
result is he's going through time at the
speed he must at 1 second per second so
here we are saying okay if you are both
moving the same speed in the same
direction you're both going through time
the same direction but if one of you
moves the act of moving through space
changes the direction you move through
time and if you move through space at 70
point seven percent of the speed of
light it causes your angle to go to a 45
degree angle to the other person so it
doesn't matter who is moving if he's
moving at 70 point seven percent of the
speed of light relative to you you see
him as the one that's gone off at an
angle let's put this back to the
airplanes and see how that works so here
you are your two airplanes flying
together at the same speed in the same
direction
100 kilometers per hour and as long as
you stay together
going the same speed the same direction
you are moving through time in the same
speed in the same direction so now let's
change this from speed to time and we
are going through time at one second per
second and so now since you two are
going at the same speed in the same
direction you're going through time in
the same speed in the same direction or
of course you go through time at one
second per second no matter what you do
now when your friend takes off let's say
he takes off at half the speed of light
let's draw this so you're you're still
going that direction at one second per
second through time but he takes off
some direction doesn't matter which
correction he takes off somewhere
relative to you going at 70.7% of the
speed of light and this causes him to
move through time at a 45 degree angle
to the direction you're moving through
time oh there he goes and he's still
going at 1 second per second but he's
going a different direction through time
because he's going through space at
70.7% of the speed of light which causes
him to go through time in the direction
you are going at what is it
Oh point 707 seconds per second he's
going that direction through time at
0.707 seconds per second the end result
is when we add the two vectors 0.707
seconds in this direction plus 0.707
seconds per second in that direction
gives an end result of him going through
time at the proper speed of one second
per second but you look at him and you
say dude you're falling behind me you're
not going through time as fast as I am
simply because he's not going the same
direction through time that you are but
he looks back at you and says no dude
it's you that's going slower because I
see you going at only 0.707 seconds per
second in the direction that I am going
so here we've just simply taken the
space vectors and turned them in the
time vectors with our little model with
two-dimensional space time and we see
that now we can see that each person
sees the other one going slower through
time than himself just like time
dilation
now I've stepped way out on a limb here
is time really two-dimensional I've
never heard of such a theory but it
makes an usable model that we can see
how each observer sees time going slower
for the other person than it does for
himself so you look over here you see
him going slower through time he looks
over at you he sees you going slower
through time and it's just a matter of
this vector addition where we can see
that that kind of make
since now so I hope this explanation
helps you wrap your mind around the fact
that in time dilation when somebody
moves relative to you you see time going
slower for them but for them time is
going the normal speed they look back at
you and they see that time is going
slower for you
so each observer sees time going slower
for the other observer it boggles the
mind but I've just shown a scenario
where hey maybe that makes sense if we
could graph it out this way and if time
has some property that gives it
something like this two dimensional time
it makes perfect sense that each
observer would see the other one going
through time slower than he does so I
hope that made some sense to you if it
didn't well I'm going to be making a
series of videos explaining special
relativity and hopefully I can
consolidate that together and make a
good explanation in the meantime thanks
for watching

hi I'm Bob Duhamel I'm in the process of

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slower:: | Spocien Dictionary

slower

more slowly

Type	Words

Examples of slower

slower

Most restaurants and shops report slower business during the festival, she said.

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We're really shifting back to the value in those slower, dividend-paying stocks.

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Women have also turned on the PM this year, but they were slower to abandon her.

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Lap 66 Vettel is significantly slower than Button, the McLaren driver is flying.

From the telegraph.co.uk

Typically, MS patients can have slower reaction times and poorer working memory.

From the newscientist.com

The LNT Radical was three seconds and three mph slower than the slowest Cup car.

From the theepochtimes.com

You spray the toads, they hop a bit slower, stop hopping and become unconscious.

From the canberratimes.com.au

It involves fast bursts of running, followed by a recovery jog at a slower pace.

From the au.news.yahoo.com

Just be aware that hydrogen peroxide acts like a slower, milder bleaching agent.

From the washingtonpost.com

More examples

Decelerate: lose velocity; move more slowly; "The car decelerated"
Not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time; "a slow walker"; "the slow lane of traffic"; "her steps were slow"; "he was slow in reacting to the news"; "slow but steady growth"
Slowly: without speed (`slow' is sometimes used informally for `slowly'); "he spoke slowly"; "go easy here--the road is slippery"; "glaciers move tardily"; "please go slow so I can see the sights"
Become slow or slower; "Production slowed"
At a slow tempo; "the band played a slow waltz"
Behind: of timepieces; "the clock is almost an hour slow"; "my watch is running behind"
Cause to proceed more slowly; "The illness slowed him down"
In kinematics, the speed of an object is the magnitude of its velocity (the rate of change of its position); it is thus a scalar quantity. ...
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How to pronounce slower in English?

slower:: | Spocien Dictionary

abandonment

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