Such oils are called siccative, or drying, oils, and are characterized by high levels of polyunsaturatedfatty acids.
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One common measure of the siccative property of oils is iodine number, the number of grams of iodine one hundred grams of oil can absorb.
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Though van Eyck was not the first to use oil paint, he was the first artist to have produced a siccative oil mixture which could be used to combine mineral pigments.
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More examples
Desiccant: a substance that promotes drying (e.g., calcium oxide absorbs water and is used to remove moisture)
Drier, a catalyst used to promote drying
A drying agent. Etching inks contain very small amounts of siccatives, because there is seldom any harm in slow drying. Siccatives are chiefly added to slowdrying linseed oil-based inks. They are often salts of cobalt.
A medium which promotes the drying of oils used in underglaze or overglaze colors.