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How to pronounce refractory in English?

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Type Words
Synonyms stubborn
Derivation refractoriness


a refractory case of acne.
Type Words
Synonyms fractious, recalcitrant
Derivation refractoriness


a refractory child.
Type Words
Synonyms furnace lining
Type of liner, lining
Type Words


the refractory period of a muscle fiber.

Examples of refractory

refractory
Similar results were reported previously for hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
From the sciencedaily.com
Administration of BMP4 protein caused the competent region to become refractory.
From the nature.com
What's so dramatic is that this was a very highly refractory group of patients.
From the fightcll.org
Both studies were conducted on pediatric patients with refractory focal seizures.
From the sciencedaily.com
Efficacy and safety of lenalidomide for refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
From the sciencedaily.com
Sacral nerve stimulation for treatment of refractory urinary urge incontinence.
From the en.wikipedia.org
However, the refractory patients in this therapy constitute an unmet medical need.
From the nature.com
The refractory period does not change with age, nor do the amplitudes of HDRs.
From the en.wikipedia.org
A key feature of semantic refractory access disorders is temporal distortions.
From the en.wikipedia.org
More examples
  • Not responding to treatment; "a stubborn infection"; "a refractory case of acne"; "stubborn rust stains"
  • Furnace lining: lining consisting of material with a high melting point; used to line the inside walls of a furnace
  • Temporarily unresponsive or not fully responsive to nervous or sexual stimuli; "the refractory period of a muscle fiber"
  • Fractious: stubbornly resistant to authority or control; "a fractious animal that would not submit to the harness"; "a refractory child"
  • A refractory material is one that retains its strength at high temperatures. ASTM C71 defines refractories as "non-metallic materials having those chemical and physical properties that make them applicable for structures, or as components of systems, that are exposed to environments above ".
  • In planetary science, any material that has a relatively high equilibrium condensation temperature is called refractory. The opposite of refractory is volatile.
  • A material or piece of material, such as a brick, that has a very high melting point; Obstinate and unruly; strongly opposed to something; Not affected by great heat; Difficult to treat; Incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus
  • (Refractories) Heat resistant bricks/ shapes/ monolithic mass used for construction/ lining of reaction vessels/ furnaces. Common varieties are Silica, Magnesite, Dolomite, Alumina, Fire-clay, Mag-carbon, Mag-chrome etc.
  • (refractories) Pipes, tubes, conduits and bricks used in furnaces, kilns, incinerators and reactors. The refractory materials used to make them have to be chemically inert, resistant to thermal shock and durable.