Older phellem cells are dead, as is the case with woody stems.
From the en.wikipedia.org
Mature phellem cells have suberin in their walls to protect the stem from desiccation and pathogen attack.
From the en.wikipedia.org
Cork is an external, secondary tissue that is impermeable to water and gases, and is also called the phellem.
From the en.wikipedia.org
More examples
(botany) outer tissue of bark; a protective layer of dead cells
Cork cambium is a tissue found in many vascular plants as part of the periderm. The cork cambium is a lateral meristem and is responsible for secondary growth that replaces the epidermis in roots and stems. ...