The method of least squares was first described by Carl Friedrich Gauss around 1794.
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However, the method of least squares is often used to generate estimators and other statistics in regression analysis.
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In practice multiple arc measurements are used to determine the ellipsoid parameters by the method of least squares.
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Gauss used this approach to prove his method of least squares, which he used to predict the position of the asteroid Ceres.
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By 1800, astronomy used probability models and statistical theories, particularly the method of least squares, which was invented by Legendre and Gauss.
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The first person to describe the mathematics behind Brownian motion was Thorvald N. Thiele in a paper on the method of least squares published in 1880.
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This treatise includes an exposition of the method of least squares, a remarkable testimony to Laplace's command over the processes of analysis.
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The new science of probability and statistics was mainly used in astronomy at the time, to get a handle on measurement errors with the method of least squares.
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The method of least squares is a standard approach to the approximate solution of overdetermined systems, i.e., sets of equations in which there are more equations than unknowns.