This is the first documented example of lac dye in European art before the 15th century, according to Dr. Leona.
From the post-gazette.com
Red dye comes from lac insect nests, blue dye from indigo, yellow and green dye from prohut bark, and black dye from ebony bark.
From the en.wikipedia.org
In India the insect lac was once used from which a red dye was first extracted, later what was left of the insect was a grease that was used for lacquering objects.
From the en.wikipedia.org
For the past several centuries it was the most important insect dye used in the production of hand-woven oriental rugs, almost completely displacing lac.