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How to pronounce ground glass in English?

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in this screencast we will cover the Ct
findings of kovat 19 the disease
associated with the new corona virus I
want to give special thanks to Adam
Bernheim for providing multiple cases of
confirmed kovat 19 pneumonia at the end
of this screencast you should be able to
identify and describe the spectrum of
findings in viral pneumonia and explain
a basic algorithm for managing patients
with suspected viral pneumonia in a
radiology department the first thing I
want to say is that the findings are not
specific to kovat 19 I will show you
cases of kovat 19 and suspected kovat 19
but these cases have a pattern on CTE
that's consistent with acute lung injury
or organizing pneumonia and there is a
broad differential diagnosis that
includes multiple different types of
viral pneumonia some atypical bacterial
pneumonias drug-induced acute lung
injury and also cryptogenic organizing
pneumonia which is an idiopathic form of
primary organizing pneumonia because the
findings are nonspecific clinical
context is key most of the patients
presenting with kovat 19 have a fever as
one of their first symptoms and then the
other symptoms that are often seen or
shortness of breath cough and fatigue
interestingly most cases are not
presenting with rhinorrhea or a runny
nose now let's talk about the CT
findings associated with viral pneumonia
early in the disease process the pattern
seen on CT tends to be dominated by
bilateral peripheral ground-glass a
Pasties these ground-glass opacities
tend to have a rounded morphology but
are not necessarily nodules with
well-defined Mars
consolidation can be superimposed on the
ground glass opacities but earlier cases
have a lower incidence of consolidation
and tend to be ground glass predominant
again discrete nodules are not being
reported
so well-defined nodules are not being
reported pleural effusions are not
characteristic of the disease and lymph
adenopathy is not characteristic as the
disease progresses the ground glass of
pacification tends to become more
confluent it often remains peripheral
but it can become more diffuse
throughout the lung crazy paving is
being reported which is actually a
pattern within the ground glass of
pacification where there's also septa
line thickening that creates the look of
stone pavers later in the disease
consolidation is more commonly reported
and that consolidation is offered and
superimposed on the areas of ground
glass of pacification there's also a
report of linear opacities developing
later in the disease process and those
linear a pasties being associated with
architectural distortion and within the
areas of opacification we can see
bronchiole er dilation that may not be
present in the spared parts of the lung
let's talk a little bit about what
ground-glass means so I have an example
of ground glass in the center of the
image here and that is the kind of glass
that is often used for glass Stoppers
it's often seen on slides in pathology
and what you can think of ground glass
is being as incomplete alveolar filling
and that incomplete alveolar filling
increases the density of the lung and
makes the lung look somewhat white on CT
we can compare this lung that has
diffuse ground glass opacity to this
normal lung and you can see the
increased density due to partial
alveolar filling this is not a case of
kovat 19 this is diffuse ground glass of
pacification related to a different
process now let's look at consolidation
here we have a normal lung nice and
black with the vessels and the Airways
easily seen and over here we have a lung
with diffuse consolidation this is a
person with a RDS or acute respiratory
distress syndrome and that consolidation
is complete alveolar filling that's why
it looks more dense than the ground
glass capacities and you also start to
see the Airways within the opacities as
air Branca grams and you no longer see
distinct vessels within the area of
consolidation and that is sort of a
graphical representation of complete
alveolar filling or consolidation this
is the ground glass of pasty compared to
consolidation notice you can see the
vessels within the ground glass
opacities and we don't have air Branca
Graham's
all right so let's get to some cases of
kovat 19 here we have a case care of
Adam Bernheim at Mount Sinai showing
early ground glass opacities these are
small ill-defined
ground-glass opacities with a rounded
configuration here we have a patient
presenting with fever and respiratory
symptoms who had a flu negative and
traditional viral panel negative PCR and
is therefore under investigation for
kovat 19 infection and we can see these
ill-defined ground-glass opacities with
a rounded morphology in the periphery of
the left upper lobe in addition to
traditional ground-glass opacities with
a rounded morphology at times people are
reporting with kovat 19 and other viral
pneumonias a more dense round opacity
this is progressing from ground glass of
pacification really to more of the focal
consolidation but you can see it remains
peripheral and poorly defined
this is another patient under
investigation and in this case we can
see these ground glass a pass T's in the
periphery of the lung which are starting
to become confluence so you could
imagine that maybe there were two or
three nodules here and now those nodules
have increased in size creating a
confluent peripheral ground glass
opacity when you see the ground glass
opacities with superimposed
consolidation we can see here in a
patient under investigation an area of
peripheral ground glass of pacification
with a more focal area of consolidation
superimposed on the ground glass of
pacification this is in case of
confirmed covet 19:00 where the patient
has this peripheral area of
consolidation although there do remain
some areas of ground glass of
pacification within the more
consolidated airspace opacities in more
progressed or severe cases of Cove edema
19:00 you may see diffuse ground glass
of pacification with areas of
consolidation so in this case the confer
the process is still predominantly
peripheral it's ground glass predominant
diffuse lung disease with areas of
developing consolidation
this is another case of severe kovat
pneumonia and in this case we start to
see more of that architectural
distortion so it almost looks like the
lung is tethered or being pulled and we
start to see these more linear opacities
in addition to the areas of
consolidation and ground-glass of
pacification another finding that's
being reported is bronchial ER dilation
in the region of pulmonary abnormality
so we have these areas of ground glass
opacity that are peripheral and starting
to have superimposed consolidation and
notice the bronchi within these regions
of airspace of pacification are dilated
and more prominent than the in the part
of the lung that does not have ground
glass or consolidation again bronchial
or dilation in the regions of pulmonary
on normality this is again a case of
severe confirmed kovat 19:00 pneumonia
this is a nice example of the linear
opacities that are sometimes reported
this patient had ground glass
predominant disease but if you look in
the right middle lobe here you can start
to see some linear a pass ''tis these
linear opacities spread throughout the
lung are associated with some ground
glass opacity and some consolidation and
we can also see bronchiole or dilation
so you see these dilated bronchioles in
the area or bronchi in the area of
abnormality so you get bronchial
dilation or bronchial or dilation
in the areas of abnormality again a case
of confirmed kovin 19 that's relatively
severe but notice predominantly we have
peripheral patchy
ground-glass of pacification with some
areas of developing consolidation now
let's talk about some pitfalls to avoid
we need to make sure that we are not
calling add electives as organizing the
ammonia viral pneumonia or raising the
concern for Co vid ad Alexis can have
linear opacities okay these linear
opacities tend to be in the dependent
portions of the lungs and in the lower
lobes and they are often due to poor
inspiratory effort okay you can also get
peripheral ground-glass of pacification
related to add Alexis but that
peripheral ground-glass of pacification
is usually limited or isolated to the
dependent portions of the lungs let's
look at a few more cases when we see
this peripheral ground-glass of
pacification in the dependent portion of
the lung we often provide a differential
diagnosis of AD electus or early
fibrosis and when we perform
high-resolution chest CT to assess for
fibrosis we may put the patient in a
prone position to shift what the deep
and a portion of the lung is to the
anterior lung and see if this resolves
if it didn't resolve it B fibrosis if it
does resolve it's probably atelectasis
but what this is not is patchy
peripheral ground-glass opacity as you
would see in organizing pneumonia or a
viral pneumonia
it's very symmetric it's isolated to the
dependent portions of the lungs okay not
organizing pneumonia
this is AD Alexis or maybe early
fibrosis in viral pneumonia or
coronavirus associated pneumonia
consolidation does not predominate this
is a case of classic bacterial pneumonia
in a segmental distribution almost a
lobar distribution
this is bacterial pneumonia with
consolidation being the predominant
finding here we have a case of a patient
with dysphasia who presented after large
volume aspiration and respiratory
distress we can see that consolidation
is the predominant pattern we may have
some patchy areas of ground-glass of
pacification but consolidation is the
predominant pattern and consolidation is
not the predominant pattern in
organizing pneumonia organizing
pneumonia or viral pneumonia does not
tend to be nodular so here we have
multiple well-defined nodules throughout
the lungs these are peri lymphatic
nodules associated with coal workers
pneumoconiosis we also have an area of
developing progressive massive fibrosis
so this is not ground-glass opacity this
is predominantly nodular here we have
some ground glass nodules that are all
clustered together in a patient with
dysphasia who had an aspiration episode
and this is aspiration pneumonitis or
maybe developing aspiration pneumonia
it's certainly patchy and ground-glass
it is not peripheral in this case it's
isolated to the lower lobes and it's
unilateral here we have another case of
multiple nodules these are micro nodules
in a peri lymphatic pattern in the
setting of sarcoidosis there may be a
little bit of patchy ground glass here
okay but the predominant pattern is peri
lymphatic nodules and this is
sarcoidosis this pattern should not be
mistaken for organizing pneumonia
reports of the organizing pneumonia
associated with kovat 19 or that it is
bilateral and tends to affect multiple
lobes here we have a case of acute lung
injury or a pulmonary infarction that is
related to an acute pulmonary embolus we
have ground-glass of pacification we
have developing or superimposed
consolidation but its unilateral its
isolated to a single segment of the lung
and this would be unlikely to represent
organizing pneumonia given its
unilateral and unit lobar distribution
now let's discuss what to do when you
find a case of classic viral pneumonia
on chest CT if the patient had a low
pretest probability for viral pneumonia
you could use language like findings
most consistent with a typical infection
including viral pneumonia if the patient
had a high pretest probability of kovat
19 infection you might consider stronger
language such as findings are compatible
with kovat 19 infection however other
atypical infections or other causes of
organizing pneumonia can present
similarly it's also very important when
you see a suspected case of viral
pneumonia to call the clinician discuss
your suspicions of viral pneumonia with
them and get a sense for their
suspicions of disease as well always
document your communication including
how you met contacted the person who you
spoke with and the date and time of the
communication you should also consider
alerting the technologists to suspected
cases of viral pneumonia or kovat 19
infections and if there is a high
suspicion a viral pneumonia or kovat 19
infections you may consider doing a
terminal clean on the CT room and then
some institution
they may be taking the CT scanner out of
service for one hour between a patient
with suspected kovat 19 infection and a
patient with a different clinical
problem for patients under investigation
for kovat 19 infection or patients
presenting with fever cough and
shortness of breath we've developed a
basic assessment algorithm when the
patient is first presenting with fever
cough and shortness of breath they can
be placed under droplet precautions and
given a mask to wear at all times the
workup will start with a test for
influenza and other viral respiratory
infections preferably using PCR if the
flu comes back positive they'll be
worked up like a normal flu patient if
the flu comes back negative you could
consider getting a CT
I'm not saying a CT is indicated in all
patients with fever cough and shortness
of breath who are flu negative but if
their respiratory symptoms or their
presentation is severe enough to warrant
a chest CT and their flu is negative one
can be obtained it's important for the
clinician to provide a good history such
as flu-like illness if the CT findings
are negative then that patient will go
back into a normal work up algorithm for
respiratory distress or upper
respiratory infection if the CT findings
are positive or classic for a viral
pneumonia we will then look for any
alternative causes to explain the
clinical picture maybe the viral PCR
panel came back positive for a different
virus such as adenovirus or pear
influenza virus and then they'll be
worked up and isolated as clinically
indicated
if there is no alternative clinical
explanation and the patient is presented
with fever and cough shortness of breath
their viral PCR panels are negative a
chest CT has been obtained and it has
classic signs for viral pneumonia we're
recommending that those people be placed
into airborne isolation that the
physician responsible for infectious
diseases related to covin 19 be
contacted and AK Ovid 19 test be
obtained if the clinical picture is
unclear so there may be some alternative
explanations for the patient's
presentation but they do have findings
consistent with viral pneumonia we may
maintain that patient on droplet
precautions and consider kovat 19
testing at the discretion of the
infectious disease specialist in
conclusion I want to emphasize that a
chest CT is not necessarily indicated
for the diagnosis or management of kovat
19 pneumonia and far more important than
the chest CT findings are practicing
good hygiene wash your hands wash them
frequently and for 20 seconds with soap
and water do not touch your face
the main way this virus will spread is
through people touching contaminated
surfaces and then touching their eyes or
their nose if you are over 60 consider
staying at home as much as possible
avoid groups crowds and travel this is
the recommendation from the CDC and if
you are under 60 and you have medical
comorbidities specifically if you have
high blood pressure diabetes or known
cardiovascular disease you are at high
risk for severe
Rhona virus related illness and you
should consider staying at home avoiding
groups crowds and travel and wash your
hands don't touch your face the CT
findings seem to be highly sensitive for
Co vid related infection but are not
specific the specificity of these
findings will increase as the incidence
of CO vid 19 infection increases within
our population some studies are
suggesting that chest CT is more
sensitive fork ovid 19 infection than
PCR but that is preliminary data and we
will continue to learn more about this
disease process and its imaging findings
as we see more cases thank you for your
time I hope this was educational

in this screencast we will cover the Ct

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ground glass::noun | Spocien Dictionary

ground glass

noun

/graʊnd_glæs/

glass that diffuses light due to a rough surface produced by abrasion or etching

Type	Words
Type of	glass

ground glass::noun | Spocien Dictionary

ground glass

noun

/graʊnd_glæs/

particulate glass made by grinding and used as an abrasive

Type	Words
Type of	glass

How to pronounce ground glass in English?

ground glass::noun | Spocien Dictionary

abandonment

Related words

ground glass::noun | Spocien Dictionary

abandonment

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