By contrast, the isoelectronic dinitrogen molecule has no dipole moment.
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This shape gives the molecule a dipole moment and makes it polar.
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If an oscillation leads to a change in dipole in the molecule, then it will absorb a photon which has the same frequency.
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As a result, water is a polar molecule with an electrical dipole moment.
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The presence of a charge on each of these atoms gives each water molecule a net dipole moment.
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Since it is centrosymmetric, the molecule has no electrical dipole.
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A large difference in electronegativity between two bonded atoms will cause a permanent charge separation, or dipole, in a molecule or ion.
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The structure with two covalent bonds would be consistent with the very low dipole moment of the molecule if the bonds were nonpolar.
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This concept is based on the formation of an electric dipole within a molecule, which is related to polarization of electromagnetic waves in infrared spectroscopy.