`superman' is a calque for the German `Ubermensch'.
Examples of calque
calque
If the phrase is translated word-for-word, it is known as a calque.
From the en.wikipedia.org
The current title sounds like a Romance language calque.
From the en.wikipedia.org
The fun fact is, quoting Japanese people claiming a Chinese word as a calque of Japanese sounded really biased.
From the en.wikipedia.org
It is undue, and it is logically impossible to prove something's nonexistence, so proving it is not a calque is impossible.
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Bushmeat initially referred to the hunting of wild animals in West and Central Africa and is a calque from the Frenchviande de brousse.
From the en.wikipedia.org
This is a calque of Occitan se cal.
From the en.wikipedia.org
By contrast, a calque or loan translation is a related concept where the meaning or idiom is borrowed rather than the lexical item itself.
From the en.wikipedia.org
Calque entails taking an expression, breaking it down to individual elements and translating each element into the target language word for word.
From the en.wikipedia.org
Tibetan has used Devanagari writing since 600 AD, but has preferred to calque new religious and technical vocabulary from native morphemes rather than borrowing Indian ones.
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More examples
An expression introduced into one language by translating it from another language; "`superman' is a calque for the German `Ubermensch'"
In linguistics, a calque or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal, word-for-word (Latin: "verbum pro verbo") or root-for-root translation.
(calquing) loan translation
(CALQUING) The adopting of a phrase or compound by the target language as a literal translation of the corresponding components of the phrase or compound appearing in the source language, e.g. "Black Forest" - from the German "Schwarzwald" - or "world-view" - from the German "Weltanschauung". ...
An expression formed by individually translating parts of a longer foreign expression and then combining them in a way that may or may not make literal sense in the new language. ...
The literal translation of a word from one language into the lexicon of another (cf. Borrowing). One example is the Mandarin Chinese term nan pengyou (literally male friend), a direct translation of the English word boyfriend.