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How to pronounce brachial vein in English?

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learning to collect blood samples from
poultry is an important skill for
veterinarians poultry technicians and
poultry caretakers the most common
reasoning for collecting blood samples
is to test for antibodies that birds
produce as a result of exposure to
certain infectious diseases to obtain a
good sample it's important to know how
to collect handle and store it it's also
important to practice safe methods of
handling the bird to prevent unnecessary
stress or possible injury to the animal
in this video we'll look at the supplies
you will need to take a blood sample how
to handle the bird when two people are
performing the procedure and when one
person is performing the procedure how
to draw the blood sample and how to
store and ship the sample for testing
first let's look at supplies you'll need
sterile three to five milliliter
syringes to collect the sample choosing
the appropriate length and gauge needles
is important for smaller birds such as
young broilers or Bantam poultry a 23
gauge needle one half to one inch in
length is suggested for larger birds
such as layers a 20 or 21 gauge one-inch
long needle is recommended you'll need a
blood collection vial to store the blood
after you collect it you could use red
top glass clot tubes which are available
online through livestock or veterinary
supply companies or you could use
sterile plastic snap cap micro
centrifuge tubes which are available
through laboratory supply companies
there are two main components of blood
the red and white blood cells and the
clear yellow serum portion most antibody
tests will utilize the serum component
of the blood sample so you'll want to
allow the blood to clot which separates
the cells in the blood from the liquid
serum so don't use blood vials that
contain an anticoagulant such as heparin
plastic bags can be used to store the
blood vial tubes together double bagging
is recommended if you're shipping the
samples a sturdy box with shock
absorbing materials such as bubble wrap
or paper padding helps protect the
samples permanent markers can be used
for labeling the vials or the
an insulated cooler with freezer packs
can be useful for storing and shipping
samples in hot weather next let's take a
look at the anatomy of a bird's wing and
see where you'll draw the blood sample
the brachial vein frequently called the
medial wing vein is the most common site
for collecting blood from birds this
vein is located on the underside of the
wing between the biceps and triceps
muscle running parallel with a humerus
the arm bone it is a large vein
immediately visible under the skin as
you can see the skin is extremely thin
and nearly transparent in this area with
few feathers covering the vein how much
blood should you collect normally you'll
collect 1 to 3 milliliters of blood
which is sufficient to run most tests
the maximum amount of blood you can
safely collect from a healthy bird is 1%
of its body weight so in a hundred gram
bird one milliliter is all you should
collect however in birds larger than
this 3 milliliters can be safely
collected which is adequate to run
several antibody tests next let's look
at handling it's important to handle
your bird safely to avoid injuring the
bird and to get a good quality blood
sample the method of holding the bird
may vary based on the age or size of the
bird and whether one or two people are
involved in the process here's how to
collect a blood sample using two people
if an assistant is available collecting
blood with two people may be easier one
person can concentrate on bird restraint
and hematoma prevention well the other
person collects and handles the blood
sample will demonstrate the two person
technique with a laying hen when using a
table one person will pick up the bird
using one hand under the body and one
hand gently restraining the wings to
keep the bird from flapping lay the bird
on its side keeping the legs restrained
then gently lift up the wing you may
need to pluck a few feathers to get a
clear view of the brachial vein pluck
the feathers at the base gently quickly
and firmly pull
in the direction of growth if you need
to sanitize the area you can use an
alcohol wipe which also helps make the
veins stand out as the assistant
restrains the bird the other person
inserts the needle withdraw the plunger
slightly to break the seal and create a
small vacuum inside the syringe to take
the sample insert the needle using a
very shallow angle nearly parallel to
the skin with the bevel facing up and
avoid going through the feather
follicles slowly pull back the plunger
allowing it to fill with a proper amount
of blood but not too fast as this may
create too much vacuum and cause the
wall of the vein to collapse stopping
blood flow if the blood does stop
flowing gently turn the syringe or
slightly withdraw the needle be sure to
minimize any sideways movement of the
needle when complete withdraw the needle
and apply pressure to the puncture site
for several seconds until clotting
occurs continue to apply pressure for
several seconds despite the best of care
sometimes a small hematoma may still
occur this will not harm the animal but
may be a short-term cosmetic problem
especially if the bird is going to a
show the hematoma will harmlessly
resolve in one to two weeks if you're
not using a table the assistant holds
the bird still against their body
restraining the feet at the hocks with
one hand and lifting the outside wing
with the other hand again the angle of
the needle insertion should be nearly
parallel to the brachial vein when
complete transfer the blood sample into
the collection vial then close it and
lie it flat to allow the blood to spread
out and clot next let's look at how one
person can perform the procedure on
their own here we're using a broiler
chicken that is about 4 weeks old -
initially pick up the bird grasp it
gently with two hands one hand
underneath the body restraining its legs
between your fingers and supporting its
breast with that hand the other hand
comes over the top of the bird with a
finger going under each wing to restrain
and support the wing it may struggle so
hold it closely to your body for several
moments until it calms down you should
never grab a bird by one wing or one leg
try to minimize excessive wing flapping
which can result in injury if the wing
hits a solid object don't apply
excessive pressure on the neck or keel
as this can be very stressful for the
animal to take the sample first withdraw
the plunger slightly to break the seal
this creates a small vacuum inside the
syringe
hold the needle along the brachial vein
pointing towards the top of the wing the
angle of the needle should be almost
parallel to the skin since avian veins
tend to have very little connective
tissue support they can slip around
easily beneath the skin plan to insert
the needle either directly over the vein
or slightly to the side with the bevel
of the needle facing up
try not to insert the needle right on
top of a feather follicle as they are
very sensitive insert the needle slowly
into the vein because of the slight
vacuum previously created a small amount
of blood should enter the syringe on its
own when done withdraw the needle while
simultaneously applying pressure to the
puncture site next let's talk about what
to do with the blood sample it's
important to transfer the blood from the
syringe into the desired container
ideally before the blood is clotted if
using a red-top clot tube with a vacuum
simply insert the needle into the tube
and allow the vacuum to draw the blood
inside if the blood is already clotted
remove the needle from the syringe then
compress the syringe to express the
blood
fill the container 1/2 to 3/4 of the way
full don't fill it completely then light
flat or at a slight angle to allow the
blood to spread out on the bottom this
allows better separation between the
clot and the serum and will result in
higher serum yield keep the sample at
room temperature for at least 30 minutes
don't refrigerate the sample until the
serum has separated from the clot it is
important to minimize hemolysis of the
sample since rupture of the red blood
cells in the sample may adversely affect
some test result
hemolysis can be minimized by not
forcing the blood through the syringe
needle when the sample has already
clotted hemolysis can also be reduced by
pouring off serum from the clot when
they have adequately separated don't
leave blood samples in the direct Sun or
expose them to high heat such as inside
a hot vehicle it is important to package
the sample so it will arrive safely
if you plan on shipping your samples for
testing first fill out the necessary
paperwork for the samples the paperwork
should be enclosed in a plastic bag to
keep it dry place the blood tubes in
plastic bags
and then double bag them
line the bottom of the cooler with soft
packing materials then place the bagged
blood samples and the bagged paperwork
inside followed by a freezer pack on top
to keep the samples cold be sure there
is enough packing material to prevent
the tubes from moving around inside the
box sample should be shipped via an
overnight courier to the testing
laboratory it is not recommended to ship
samples on a Friday as many laboratories
are closed over the weekend it is always
a good idea to call the day before to
alert the laboratory that samples will
be sent separated serum samples may be
refrigerated for a day or two if
necessary do not freeze the samples
unless you have discussed this with the
testing laboratory some tests are
adversely affected by freezing now you
should know everything you need to
safely draw blood samples from poultry

learning to collect blood samples from

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brachial vein::noun | Spocien Dictionary

brachial vein

noun

two veins in either arm that accompany the brachial artery and empty into the axillary vein

Type	Words
Synonyms	vena brachialis
Type of	vein, vena, venous blood vessel

How to pronounce brachial vein in English?

brachial vein::noun | Spocien Dictionary

abandonment

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