The toxic mixtures of gases found in mines included afterdamp, blackdamp and whitedamp.
From the en.wikipedia.org
Blackdamp is encountered in enclosed environments such as mines, sewers, wells, tunnels and ships'holds.
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It entombed 204 men and boys, who could not be rescued, and so suffocated in the blackdamp atmosphere, and died.
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Timbering was shattered, the ventilating system dam aged, and there was blackdamp as well as thick, choking coal smoke inside.
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Miners would try to alert themselves to dangerous levels of blackdamp and other gasses in a mine shaft by bringing a caged canary with them as they worked.
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Traditionally using a caged canary was an effective biological way to detect blackdamp because a canary would succumb to dangerous air conditions faster than humans.
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More examples
Chokedamp: the atmosphere in a mine following an explosion; high in carbon dioxide and incapable of supporting life
Blackdamp (also known as stythe or choke damp) is a mixture of unbreathable gases formed when oxygen is removed from an enclosed atmosphere and largely replaced by nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide and water vapour. ...