Patients with recurring, pathological problems retrieving a label are said to suffer from anomia.
From the washingtonpost.com
Anomia, sounds kind of like ammonia but it is a lot more fun.
From the bostonherald.com
Anomia is caused by damage to various parts of the parietal lobe or the temporal lobe of the brain.
From the en.wikipedia.org
Patients with Alzheimer's disease have speech problems that are linked to dementia or progressive aphasias which can include anomia.
From the en.wikipedia.org
Anomia is another type of aphasia proposed under what is commonly known as the Boston-Neoclassical model, which is essentially a difficulty with naming.
From the en.wikipedia.org
In addition to dysphasia, anomia and auditory processing disorder can impede the quality of auditory perception, and therefore, expression.
From the en.wikipedia.org
However, imaging cannot diagnose anomia on its own because the lesions may not be located deep enough to damage the white matter or damaging the arcuate fasciculus.
From the en.wikipedia.org
More examples
Nominal aphasia: inability to name objects or to recognize written or spoken names of objects
Type genus of the family Anomiidae: saddle oysters
Nominal aphasia (anomia) is a severe problem with recalling words or names. It is also known as: * anomic aphasia * amnesic (or amnestic) aphasia
The inability to remember names; The difficulty in finding the right word
Difficulty with word-finding or naming; anomia may be the result of damage to the angular gyrus in the hemisphere dominant for speech and language. According to Goodglass and Kaplan (1983), anomia can be localized with the least reliability of any of the aphasic syndromes. ...
The inability to name objects caused by aberrant brain function.
Sometimes known as "dysnomia," it is a condition in which the patient has difficulty finding correct words. It is often assessed by a confrontation-naming task.
An impairment in the capacity to identify the correct word.