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How to pronounce 060 in English?

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- [Voiceover] You can use the Nernst equation
to calculate cell potentials.
Here we need to calculate the cell potential
for a zinc-copper cell,
where the concentration of zinc two plus ions
and the concentration of copper two plus ions in solution
is one molar, and we're at 25 degrees C.
So we're talking about standard conditions here.
Just to remind you of the reduction half reaction
and the oxidation half reaction,
copper two plus ions are reduced.
They gain electrons to form solid copper.
And solid zinc is oxidized, so zinc loses two electrons
to form zinc two plus ions.
Those two electrons, the electrons lost by zin,
are the same electrons gained by copper two plus,
so they cancel out when you write your overall reaction.
So down here we have our overall redox reaction,
and the standard cell potential
is equal to positive 1.10 volts,
so you just add the standard reduction potential
and the standard oxidation potential.
So all of this we've covered in earlier videos
and now we're gonna see how to calculate
the cell potential using the Nernst equation.
So let's go ahead and write down the Nernst equation,
which is the cell potential is equal to
the standard cell potential, E zero,
minus .0592 volts over n,
times the log of Q.
So this is the form of the Nernst equation,
this is one of the forms that we can use
when our temperature is 25 degrees C.
So let's think about what these things mean
in the Nernst equation.
The standard cell potential, E zero,
we've already found that, that's 1.10 volts.
So this 1.10 would get plugged in
to here in the Nernst equation.
And it's the number of moles that are transferred,
number of moles of electrons that are
transferred in our redox reaction, and that's two.
Two moles of electrons are transferred.
So n is equal to two.
Q is the reaction quotient,
so Q is the reaction quotient,
and Q has the same form as K
but you're using non-equilibrium concentrations.
So think about writing an equilibrium expression.
To write Q think about an equilibrium expression
where you have your concentration of products
over the concentration of your reactants
and you leave out pure solids.
So we're gonna leave out, we'll leave out solid copper
and we have concentration of zinc two plus,
so concentration of our product,
over the concentration of our reactants.
We're gonna leave out the solid zinc
so we have the concentration of copper two plus.
We know what those concentrations are,
they were given to us in the problem.
The concentration of zinc two plus is one molar,
the concentration of copper two plus is one molar.
So we have one over one.
So the reaction quotient for this example is equal to one.
So let's go ahead and plug in everything.
So we have the cell potential E is equal to
the standard cell potential.
That was 1.10 volts,
minus .0592 over n,
where n is the number of moles of electrons,
that's equal to two,
times the log of the reaction quotient.
Well, log of one, our reaction quotient
for this example is equal to one,
log of one is equal to zero.
So we have the cell potential is equal to 1.10
minus zero, so the cell potential is equal to 1.10 volts.
So we know the cell potential is
equal to the standard cell potential,
which is equal to 1.10 volts, positive 1.10 volts.
So this makes sense, because E zero,
the standard cell potential,
let me go ahead and highlight that up here,
the standard cell potential E zero
is the voltage under standard conditions.
And that's what we have here, we have standard conditions.
Our concentrations, our concentrations are one molar,
we're at 25 degrees C,
we're dealing with pure zinc and pure copper,
so this makes sense.
The Nernst equation should give us that the
cell potential is equal to the standard cell potential.
Let's find the cell potential again for our zinc copper cell
but this time the concentration of
zinc two plus ions is 10 molar,
and we keep the concentration of
copper two plus ions the same, one molar.
So if we're trying to find the cell potential
we can use our Nernst equation.
So the cell potential E is equal to the
standard cell potential E zero minus
.0592 volts over n
times the log of Q where Q is the reaction quotient.
Let's plug in everything we know.
We know the standard cell potential is positive 1.10 volts,
so we have 1.10 volts.
We're trying to find the cell potential E,
so E is equal to 1.10
minus .0592 over n.
So n is the number of moles of electrons that
are transferred, so that was two electrons.
So n is equal to two so we plug that in here.
Times the log of Q, and from the previous example,
remember, Q, the reaction quotient
is the concentration of zinc two plus...
Concentration of zinc two plus over
the concentration of copper two plus.
So concentration of products over reactants,
ignoring your pure solids.
So for this example the concentration of
zinc two plus ions in solution is 10 molar.
So that's 10 molar over-- Copper two plus is one molar,
so 10 over one.
So Q is equal to 10 for this example.
So now let's find the cell potential.
The cell potential is E.
So E is equal to 1.10 minus--
You can actually do all of this in your head.
So .0592, let's say that's .060.
So this is .060, divided by two which is .030.
So we have .030.
Log of 10 is just equal to one,
so this is .030 times one.
So 1.10 minus .030
is equal to 1.07.
So the cell potential is equal to 1.07 volts.
I like to think about this as
the instantaneous cell potential.
So when your concentrations are 10 molar for zinc two plus
and one molar for copper two plus,
1.07 volts is your instantaneous cell potential.
What happens to the cell potential
as the reaction progresses?
Well let's think about that,
let's go back up here to our overall reaction.
What happens as we make more and more of our products?
Well, the concentration of zinc two plus ions
should increase and we're losing,
we're losing our reactants here so the
concentration of copper two plus should decrease.
So what happens to Q?
If we're increasing the concentration of zinc two plus
and decreasing the concentration of copper two plus,
Q should increase.
And what does that do to the cell potential?
So, in the Nernst equation, if we're increasing Q
what does that do to E?
Well let's go ahead and let's just plug in a number.
Let's just say that Q is equal to 100.
So let's say that your Q is equal to 100.
Let's plug that into the Nernst equation,
let's see what happens to the cell potential.
So E is equal to E zero, which,
we'll go ahead and plug in 1.10 there.
So 1.10 minus .0592 over two
times log of 100.
So now we're saying that Q is equal to 100.
So we have more of our products as the reaction progresses.
So what is the cell potential?
E is equal to 1.10, log of 100 is equal to two.
So log of 100 is equal to two,
that cancels out this two here
so we have one minus .0592.
One minus .0592.
I'll just say that's equal to .060,
just to make things easier.
So 1.10 minus .060
is equal to 1.04.
So the cell potential is equal to 1.04 volts.
So notice what happened to the cell potential.
So we increased-- Let me change colors here.
We increased Q.
We went from Q is equal to 10 to Q is equal to 100.
What happened to the cell potential?
The cell potential went from 1.07 volts to 1.04 volts.
So as the reaction progresses, Q increases
and the instantaneous cell potential, E, decreases.
So Q increases and E decreases.
What happens at equilibrium?
What is the cell potential at equilibrium?
What is the cell potential at equilibrium.
If you remember the equation that relates delta G
to the cell potential, so we talked about this one,
delta G is equal to negative nFE,
and from thermodynamics, at equilibrium,
delta G is equal to zero.
So if delta G is equal to zero at equilibrium,
what is the cell potential at equilibrium?
E must be equal to zero,
so the cell potential is equal to zero at equilibrium.
Let's think about that.
If the cell potential is equal to zero at equilibrium
let's write down our Nernst equation.
The Nernst equation is E is equal to
E zero minus .0592 over n,
times the log of Q.
Well at equilibrium, at equilibrium E is equal to zero,
so we plug that in.
So we have zero is equal to the standard cell potential,
E zero, minus .0592 over n,
times the log of Q.
But at equilibrium, remember, Q is equal to K.
So we can plug in K here.
Now we have the log of K,
and notice that this is the equation
we talked about in an earlier video.
The standard cell potential E zero is equal to
.0592 over n
times the log of K.
So just an interesting way to
think about the Nernst equation.
The Nernst equation is very useful for calculating
cell potentials when you have different concentrations.

- [Voiceover] You can use the Nernst equation

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How to pronounce 060 in English?

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